For electricity and gas utilities, the adoption of smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has been largely driven by regulatory efforts to enable a carbon-free energy system, to support renewable energy load growth, and to enable a smarter energy infrastructure, as well as utilities’ internal efforts to provide better customer service while at the same time increasing operational efficiency. While the water utility industry has not faced the same kinds of regulatory pressures, the same motivation to provide better customer service and increase operational efficiency has been a leading driving force in leading water utilities’ deployment of smart meters and related technology